{"id":1982,"date":"2026-01-15T07:34:40","date_gmt":"2026-01-15T07:34:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/onfawp.ev-studio.co\/?p=1982"},"modified":"2026-03-12T01:48:11","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T01:48:11","slug":"cryptographic-hash","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/onfa.us\/vi\/cryptographic-hash\/","title":{"rendered":"Cryptographic Hash L\u00e0 G\u00ec? Nguy\u00ean L\u00fd & \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n\r\n\r\n

B\u0103m m\u1eadt m\u00e3<\/span><\/span><\/strong> l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 blockchain hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. <\/span><\/span>B\u0103m m\u1eadt m\u00e3<\/span><\/span><\/strong> \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a giao d\u1ecbch trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Bitcoin. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 <\/span><\/span>h\u00e0m b\u0103m m\u1eadt m\u00e3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/span><\/span><\/strong> v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n

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\"Ham-bam-mat-ma-la-gi-Cach-hoat-dong-va-vai-tro-trong-du-lieu-bao-mat\"
H\u00e0m b\u0103m m\u1eadt m\u00e3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n

H\u00e0m b\u0103m m\u1eadt m\u00e3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u1eebng bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201ch\u00e0m hash\u201d trong blockchain ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, th\u00ec <\/span><\/span>h\u00e0m b\u0103m m\u1eadt m\u00e3<\/span><\/span><\/strong> ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, <\/span><\/span>h\u00e0m b\u0103m m\u1eadt m\u00e3<\/span><\/span><\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o (\u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o) \u2013 d\u00f9 l\u1edbn hay nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t k\u00fd t\u1ef1 chu\u1ed7i c\u00f3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea7u ra b\u0103m\u201d.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf trong \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u0103m chu\u1ed7i s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean <\/span><\/span>\u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cao<\/span><\/span><\/strong> c\u1ee7a h\u00e0m b\u0103m m\u1eadt m\u00e3 h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

So v\u1edbi h\u00e0m b\u0103m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, <\/span><\/span>h\u00e0m b\u0103m m\u1eadt m\u00e3<\/span><\/span><\/strong> chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u). B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y h\u00e0m b\u0103m k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 “ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c” \u0111\u1ea7u ban d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Cryptographic Hash<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n b\u0103m theo b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n sau:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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  1. Nh\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o (\u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0o): \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, t\u1ec7p tin, m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
  2. X\u1eed l\u00fd b\u0103m thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n: D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0m b\u0103m m\u1eadt m\u00e3 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n nh\u01b0 SHA-256 ho\u1eb7c MD5.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
  3. T\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u ra (\u0110\u1ea7u ra): K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u00fd t\u1ef1 chu\u1ed7i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u0103m.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    V\u00ed d\u1ee5: n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n <\/span><\/span>SHA-256<\/span><\/span><\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 b\u0103m t\u1eeb \u201cOpenAI\u201d, th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i d\u00e0i bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c k\u00fd t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    8a0bdbf0b0f69d4c3e… (64 k\u00fd t\u1ef1 hex)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eebng h\u00e0m b\u0103m.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    T\u00ednh \u201cm\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u\u201d c\u1ee7a <\/span><\/span>h\u00e0m b\u0103m m\u1eadt m\u00e3<\/span><\/span><\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y h\u00e0m b\u0103m chu\u1ed7i v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, m\u1ed7i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a duy nh\u1ea5t, gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ec7p tin t\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Cryptographic Hash Function<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    M\u1ed9t <\/span><\/span>h\u00e0m b\u0103m m\u1eadt m\u00e3<\/span><\/span><\/strong> m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh sau:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n

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    \"Cac-thuoc-tinh-quan-trong-cua-ham-bam-mat-ma-Tinh-mot-chieu-chong-va-cham-co-dinh-dau-ra\"
    C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0m b\u0103m m\u1eadt m\u00e3: T\u00ednh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, ch\u1ed1ng va ch\u1ea1m, c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n

    Kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 ti\u1ec1n \u1ea3nh (Kh\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ea5m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u ra b\u0103m. D\u00f9 hacker c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u0103m, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    Kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u1ee9 hai (Kh\u00e1ng tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 hai)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u0103m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra hai d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng c\u00f9ng b\u0103m, tr\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng va \u0111\u1eadp (Ch\u1ed1ng va ch\u1ea1m)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    X\u00e1c minh hai d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng h\u00e0m b\u0103m l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 th\u1ea5p. M\u1ed9t h\u00e0m b\u0103m thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n b\u1ecb \u201cva ch\u1ea1m\u201d s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u0110\u1ea7u ra x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh (K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o lu\u00f4n cho ra c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    D\u00f9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn hay nh\u1ecf, th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd lu\u00f4n nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 256 bit v\u1edbi SHA-256).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    Ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n Hash Cryptographic Hash Ph\u1ed5 Bi\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    Tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 <\/span><\/span>chuy\u00ean gia k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u0103m m\u1eadt m\u00e3<\/span><\/span><\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n

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    \"Cac-thuat-toan-pho-bien-Hash-mat-ma-thuat-toan-SHA-256-SHA-3-Keccak-BLAKE2\u2026\"
    C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn Hash m\u1eadt m\u00e3 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n: SHA-256, SHA-3, Keccak, BLAKE2\u2026<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n

    MD5 (Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n b\u0103m th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p 5)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    MD5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n b\u0103m \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1ea1o ra chu\u1ed7i b\u0103m d\u00e0i 128 bit. D\u00f9 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhanh h\u01a1n, MD5 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ed7i v\u00ec d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1m (va ch\u1ea1m), ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ec7p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n an to\u00e0n cho b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    SHA-1 (Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n b\u0103m an to\u00e0n 1)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    SHA-1 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0ng trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, t\u1ea1o ra h\u00e0m b\u0103m 160 bit. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng SHA-1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    SHA-2 (SHA-256, SHA-512)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n SHA-2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong blockchain, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 <\/span><\/span>Bitcoin<\/span><\/span><\/strong> . SHA-256 cho ra chu\u1ed7i b\u0103m 256 bit v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ea5t cao, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    SHA-3 (Keccak)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    SHA-3 l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 SHA-2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i. Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n linh ho\u1ea1t, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 \u0111ang d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1edbi trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u1eadt m\u00e3 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    BLAKE2 \/ BLAKE3<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    BLAKE2 v\u00e0 BLAKE3 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 h\u00e0m b\u0103m m\u1edbi, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. BLAKE3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i h\u00e1t, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng blockchain v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    B\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Cryptographic Hash Function<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
    Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\r\n\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i Hash<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\r\nM\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\r\nT\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n nay<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    MD5<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n128 bit<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\nLow<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\nL\u1ed7i<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    SHA-1<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n160 bit<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\nTrung b\u00ecnh<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\nKh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    SHA-256<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n256 bit<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\nCao<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\nPh\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    SHA-3<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n256\u2013512 bit<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\nr\u1ea5t cao<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\nTi\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1edbi<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    BLAKE3<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\nLinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\nr\u1ea5t cao<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\nT\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Cryptographic Hash trong Th\u1ef1c T\u1ebf<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n
    \r\n
    \r\n
    \"Ung-dung-cua-Cryptographic-Hash-Blockchain-bao-mat-mat-khau-chu-so-xac-thuc-du-lieu\"
    \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Cryptographic Hash: Blockchain, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u, ch\u1eef s\u1ed1, x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n

    1. B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u (Password Hashing)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    Trang web kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng tin m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd <\/span><\/span>b\u0103m m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u<\/span><\/span><\/strong> b\u1eb1ng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n nh\u01b0 <\/span><\/span>bcrypt, Argon2 ho\u1eb7c SHA-256<\/span><\/span><\/strong> . Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp, h\u00e0m b\u0103m so s\u00e1nh ch\u1ec9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u00f4ng tin n\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    2. Ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    Hash gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m tra xem t\u1ec7p c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u1ea3i t\u1ec7p ISO v\u00e0 h\u00e0m b\u0103m kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, th\u00ec t\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    3. Ch\u1eef k\u00fd s\u1ed1 & X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p (Ch\u1eef k\u00fd s\u1ed1 \/ MAC)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    B\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u00f3a ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ch\u1eef s\u1ed1, gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    4. Blockchain v\u00e0 Bitcoin (B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    Trong <\/span><\/span>Bitcoin<\/span><\/span><\/strong> , <\/span><\/span>bitcoin b\u0103m m\u1eadt m\u00e3<\/span><\/span><\/strong> (SHA-256) l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng xu c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0o. Miner ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra hash th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u201cc\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c\u201d t\u00ednh to\u00e1n (Proof of Work).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    5. L\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u & x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0m b\u0103m c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ec7p c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e8n m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Cryptographic Hash trong Blockchain v\u00e0 Bitcoin<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

    Trong blockchain, <\/span><\/span>h\u00e0m b\u0103m m\u1eadt m\u00e3<\/span><\/span><\/strong> \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 \u201cch\u00eca kh\u00f3a x\u00e1c minh trung th\u1ef1c\u201d cho to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

      \r\n
    • SHA-256<\/span><\/span><\/strong> l\u00e0 h\u00e0m b\u0103m thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c Bitcoin. M\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0m b\u0103m c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft chu\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u00e0o.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
    • Kh\u1ed1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c b\u0103m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu\u1ed7i b\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
    • \u201c\u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o\u201d (m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3) v\u00e0 <\/span><\/span>hash rate<\/span><\/span><\/strong> quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o kh\u1ed1i m\u1edbi \u2013 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o blockchain lu\u00f4n minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

      So s\u00e1nh B\u0103m v\u00e0 M\u00e3 h\u00f3a<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
      \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
      ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\r\nB\u0103m<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\r\nM\u00e3 h\u00f3a<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      C\u1ed5ng x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u00fd<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\nM\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\nHai chi\u1ec1u (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f3a)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\nX\u00e1c minh t\u00ednh to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\nB\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u00ed m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\nHasht propis<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\nv\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e3 h\u00f3a<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      C\u00f4ng ty<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\nM\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u, blockchain, ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ec7p<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\nGiao ti\u1ebfp an to\u00e0n, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

      Th\u1eed th\u00e1ch v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Cryptographic Hash<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

      M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 <\/span><\/span>h\u00e0m b\u0103m m\u1eadt m\u00e3<\/span><\/span><\/strong> l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c s\u01a1 s\u00e0i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

        \r\n
      • C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng va ch\u1ea1m (<\/span><\/span><\/strong> T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng tr\u00f9ng m\u00e3 b\u0103m <\/span><\/span>):<\/span><\/span><\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau cho ra c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m b\u0103m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1. D\u00f9 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra, hacker c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
      • T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7u v\u1ed3ng (<\/span><\/span><\/strong> T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7u v\u1ed3ng <\/span><\/span>):<\/span><\/span><\/strong> Hacker c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng ch\u1ee9a s\u1eb5n c\u00e1c h\u00e0m b\u0103m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f2 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u y\u1ebfu, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ed5 sung sung.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

        Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
        <\/strong> \u0110\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, n\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng salting (d\u00f2ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u0103m) v\u00e0 peppering (th\u00eam m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a b\u00ed m\u1eadt ph\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebft). Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn b\u0103m <\/span><\/span>m\u1eadt m\u00e3 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n<\/span><\/span><\/strong> ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 SHA-3 ho\u1eb7c BLAKE3, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00e3 h\u00f3a \u0111a t\u1ea7ng, s\u1ebd gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

        k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

        B\u0103m m\u1eadt m\u00e3<\/span><\/span><\/strong> l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong m\u1ecdi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c blockchain v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a h\u00f3a. V\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng va ch\u1ea1m cao, <\/span><\/span>h\u00e0m b\u0103m m\u1eadt m\u00e3<\/span><\/span><\/strong> gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 <\/span><\/span>h\u00e0m b\u0103m m\u1eadt m\u00e3 l\u00e0<\/span><\/span><\/strong> b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a blockchain, Bitcoin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ng\u00e0y nay.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

         <\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        B\u0103m m\u1eadt m\u00e3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 blockchain hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. B\u0103m m\u1eadt m\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a giao d\u1ecbch trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Bitcoin. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1989,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1982","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-knowledge"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/onfa.us\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1982","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/onfa.us\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/onfa.us\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onfa.us\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onfa.us\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1982"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/onfa.us\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1982\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7261,"href":"https:\/\/onfa.us\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1982\/revisions\/7261"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onfa.us\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1989"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/onfa.us\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1982"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onfa.us\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1982"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onfa.us\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1982"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}